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STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit (Catalog #05140) is a serum-free cell culture medium system that enables robust and efficient generation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids in a simple, three-stage protocol. Using this kit, hPSCs are directed through induction of definitive endoderm, mid-/hindgut spheroids, and generation of intestinal organoids that can be maintained long-term through passaging or cryopreserved. The organoids exhibit a cellular composition and organization that models the developing intestinal epithelium and associated mesenchyme, making them a convenient model system with direct relevance to the developing intestine. STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit is based on the formulation published by Spence et al. (Nature 2011) and has been optimized to increase efficiency and reproducibility of organoid formation and expansion across hPSC lines. Human intestinal organoids can be used as a model system for studying intestinal development and cell biology, intestinal inflammation, intestinal regeneration, microbial interaction, disease modeling, drug discovery, and compound screening. The kit is optimized for differentiation of cells maintained in mTeSR™1, mTeSR™ Plus, or TeSR™-AOF.
For extended culture and passaging, the kit components required for organoid maintenance can be purchased as STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Growth Medium (Catalog #05145).
Browse our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for more information about culturing intestinal organoids using the STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit.
Cell Type
Endoderm, PSC-Derived, Intestinal Cells
Species
Human
Application
Cell Culture, Differentiation, Organoid Culture
Brand
STEMdiff
Area of Interest
Disease Modeling, Drug Discovery and Toxicity Testing, Epithelial Cell Biology
Figure 1. STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit Enables the Growth of Intestinal Organoids from PSCs
STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit facilitates directed differentiation of PSCs to form human small intestinal organoids. The organoids exhibit a polarized epithelial monolayer surrounding a hollow lumen and are associated with a mesenchymal cell population. Pictured are passage 3 human intestinal organoids generated using this kit.
Figure 2. Generation of Human Intestinal Organoid Cultures Using the STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit
(A) Human PSC cultures progress through a three-stage differentiation process to generate human intestinal organoids. By day 3 of the protocol, cultures exhibit characteristics typical of definitive endoderm and mid-/hindgut differentiation is initiated. During mid-/hindgut differentiation (days 5 - 9), cells form mid-/hindgut spheroids that are released from the cell monolayer into the culture medium. These spheroids are collected and embedded in extracellular matrix. (B) Embedded mid-/hindgut spheroids cultured in STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Growth Medium mature into intestinal organoids (days in parentheses indicate days post-embedding in a given passage). Once established, intestinal organoids can be maintained and expanded in culture by passaging every 7 - 10 days. After multiple passages, the organoids generally exhibit less sinking within the matrix dome and a lower proportion of mesenchymal cells.
Figure 3. STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit Supports Robust Differentiation and Expansion Across ESC and iPSC Lines
STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit enables high-efficiency generation of intestinal organoids from both ESCs (H9, H7) and iPSCs (WLS-1C, STiPS-MOO1). (A) Organoids initiated from a variety of cell lines show efficient induction of definitive endoderm, measured by co-expression of FOXA2 and SOX17 on day 3 of differentiation. (B) Both ESCand iPSC-derived cultures demonstrate efficient spheroid formation upon mid-/hindgut induction. The total number of spheroids obtained per well in a given differentiation is shown. (C) Organoids cultured from either ESCs or iPSCs can be expanded and maintained over multiple passages. Shown is the total cell yield per passage. Organoids were passaged every 7 - 10 days with a split ratio between 1 in 2 and 1 in 4. Data points represent the mean of 3 biological replicates. Error bars throughout represent standard deviation of the mean.
Figure 4. Characteristics of Mid-/Hindgut Spheroids Generated with STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit
(A) Cultures differentiated using STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit exhibit the expected markers during definitive endoderm and mid-/hindgut specification. During the protocol, gene expression patterns shift from pluripotency markers (day 0) to definitive endoderm markers by day 3 and those of the mid-/hindgut epithelium by day 9. Mid-/hindgut cultures (day 9) also express markers of the associated mesenchyme. Marker levels were assessed by RT-qPCR and normalized to expression levels for undifferentiatied H9 cells. (B) Mid-/hindgut spheroids (day 9) express markers of the intestinal epithelium (CDX2, E-cadherin, EPCAM). (C) Mid-/hindgut spheroids (day 9) also incorporate components of the associated mesenchyme (vimentin).
Figure 5. Intestinal Organoids Cultured In STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Growth Medium Exhibit Features of the Intestinal Epithelium
(A) Differentiated PSC-derived intestinal organoids express markers of the intestinal epithelium and the associated mesenchyme. Marker levels were assessed by RT-qPCR and normalized to expression levels for undifferentiated H9 cells. (B,C) Intestinal organoids express markers of intestinal progenitor cells including CDX2 and the intestinal crypt marker SOX9. The organoids are composed of a polarized epithelium, visualized by the localization of EPCAM to the exterior (basolateral) surface of the organoids (B), and express markers typical of mature cell types including MUC2 (B: goblet cells) and CHGA (C: enteroendocrine cells). (D,E) Observation of desmin (D) and vimentin (E) in intestinal organoids demonstrates incorporation of mesenchymal cells in the organoid cultures, while KRT20 (D) and Ki67 (E) are markers of differentiated intestinal cells and putative intestinal stem cells, respectively. Images are digital cross-sections of whole-mount immunofluorescence-stained intestinal organoids at P28 (Day 7).
Figure 6. Generation of Intestinal Organoids from hPSCs Maintained in mTeSR™ Plus
Human ES (H9) cells were cultured with mTeSR™ Plus and directed to intestinal organoids using the STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit. Image shows markers of the intestinal epithelium EpCAM (green) and CDX2 (red), and intestinal mesenchyme marker vimentin (white). Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue).
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Organoid phenotypic screening identified glycyrrhizin that confers protection against tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death
Y. Takahashi et al.
Stem Cell Reports 2026 Apr
Abstract
Human organoids are considered physiological models that reflect human physiology; however, their applications in drug screening studies are limited. To develop a fundamental treatment for recurrent Crohn’s disease (CD), in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key pathogenic factor, we conducted phenotypic drug screening to prevent TNF-induced cell death in human intestinal epithelial organoids. Glycyrrhizin, a natural product of licorice root, dose-dependently blocked TNF-induced cell death in organoids but not in TNF-sensitive L929 cells; L929 cells exhibited necroptosis, whereas organoid-derived cells preferentially showed apoptosis upon TNF treatment, determining the specificity of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin inhibited downstream caspase-8 signaling, which is essential for TNF-dependent apoptosis, and ameliorated intestinal inflammation in vivo. These results demonstrate that glycyrrhizin may be a novel therapeutic compound for CD and highlight the importance of using organoids for phenotypic drug screening. Graphical abstract Highlights•Human intestinal organoids are sensitive to TNF-induced cytotoxicity•We developed an assay system to screen for compounds that resist TNF in organoids•Glycyrrhizin inhibited TNF-induced apoptosis but not necroptosis in organoids•Glycyrrhizin ameliorated intestinal inflammation in a murine model in vivo Takahashi et al. developed a high-throughput phenotypic screening platform using human intestinal organoids, which exhibited higher sensitivity to TNF than conventional intestinal epithelial cell lines, and identified glycyrrhizin that protected TNF-induced cell death both in organoids and in vivo. Phenotypic screening using organoids, as demonstrated in this study, paves the way for drug development and chemical biology.
An hepatitis B and D virus infection model using human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes
EMBO Reports 2024 Sep
Abstract
Current culture systems available for studying hepatitis D virus (HDV) are suboptimal. In this study, we demonstrate that hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are fully permissive to HDV infection across various tested genotypes. When co-infected with the helper hepatitis B virus (HBV) or transduced to express the HBV envelope protein HBsAg, HLCs effectively release infectious progeny virions. We also show that HBsAg-expressing HLCs support the extracellular spread of HDV, thus providing a valuable platform for testing available anti-HDV regimens. By challenging the cells along the differentiation with HDV infection, we have identified CD63 as a potential HDV co-entry factor that was rate-limiting for HDV infection in immature hepatocytes. Given their renewable source and the potential to derive hPSCs from individual patients, we propose HLCs as a promising model for investigating HDV biology. Our findings offer new insights into HDV infection and expand the repertoire of research tools available for the development of therapeutic interventions.
Heterogeneous subpopulations of GABA
iScience 2024 Mar
Abstract
SummaryGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults. Depolarizing GABA responses have been well characterized at neuronal-population average level during typical neurodevelopment and partially in brain disorders. However, no investigation has specifically assessed whether a mosaicism of cells with either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing/inhibitory GABAergic responses exists in animals in health/disease at diverse developmental stages, including adulthood. Here, we showed that such mosaicism is present in wild-type (WT) and down syndrome (DS) neuronal networks, as assessed at increasing scales of complexity (cultures, brain slices, behaving mice). Nevertheless, WT mice presented a much lower percentage of cells with depolarizing GABA than DS mice. Restoring the mosaicism of hyperpolarizing and depolarizing GABA-responding neurons to WT levels rescued anxiety behavior in DS mice. Moreover, we found heterogeneous GABAergic responses in developed control and trisomic human induced-pluripotent-stem-cells-derived neurons. Thus, a heterogeneous subpopulation of GABA-responding cells exists in physiological/pathological conditions in mouse and human neurons, possibly contributing to disease-associated behaviors. Graphical abstract Highlights•Subpopulations of GABAAR-responding neurons exist in mouse and human neuronal networks•DS networks exhibit a larger fraction of neurons with depolarizing GABA responses•Restoring physiological GABA-mediated inhibition rescues anxiety behavior in DS mice•Heterogeneous GABAergic responses coexist in control and DS human iPSC neurons Behavioral neuroscience; Developmental neuroscience; Cellular neuroscience
STEMdiff™ Intestinal Organoid Kit was developed under license to intellectual property owned by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital.
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